Humeral stem size

The size of the humeral stem may be approximated by determining the diameter of the humeral head. Other variables should be considered including:
1.  Severity of osteoporosis
2. gender
3. minor axis diameter vs major axis diameter

Small humeral head diameters should alert the surgeon that a small humeral stem may be required.
Osteoporosis may indicate that a cemented stem may be appropriate
The size of the humeral stem will affect canal fill ratio, proximal shielding and pain